In addition, DNA replication only takes place at a certain step in the cell cycle. The following table explains the cell cycle for any hypothetical cell having a 24 hr cycle. |
Stage |
Activity |
Duration |
|
G1 |
Growth and increase in cell size |
10 hr |
|
S |
DNA synthesis |
8 hr |
|
G2 |
Post-DNA synthesis |
5 hr |
|
M |
Mitosis |
1 hr |
DNA replication has two needs that has to be met:
1. Free 3' -OH group
2. DNA template
Proteins of DNA Replication:
DNA exists within the nucleus like a condensed, compact structure. To organize DNA for replication, a number of proteins assist in the unwinding and separation of the double stranded DNA molecule. These proteins are needed because DNA should be single stranded prior to replication can proceed.
Steps of Dna Replication
DNA replication is a complicated one and involves some enzymes and proteins that with each other assemble nucleotides within the predetermined sequence. In reply to the molecular cues received throughout cell division, these molecules start DNA replication and synthesize 2 new strands using the current strands as templates. All the two resultant, identical DNA molecules are made up of one new and one old strand of DNA. Therefore DNA replication is considered a semi conservative one.
DNA Replication Steps are:
1. Initiation
2. Primer Synthesis
3. Leading Strand Synthesis
4. Lagging Strand Synthesis
5. Primer Removal
6. Ligation
7. Termination
Process of Dna Replication
The process of DNA replication includes a set of carefully orchestrated series of events to duplicate the whole genetic content of a cell.
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is the fascinating molecule that passes and stores all of the necessary information through one generation to other. It took a number of interesting experiments by Avery, Frederick Griffith, McCarty, MacLeod, Martha Chase, Alfred Hershey, to find out that DNA is the hereditary material. With this basis and the research by a number of scientists like Rosalind Franklin, the structure of this molecule was ultimately deciphered by Francis Crick and James Watson.
The basic chemical code of the DNA molecule gives increase to the immense difficulty of all living organisms. However even more enthralling is its capacity to self replicate and produce another molecule related to itself.
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